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TED英語解説「失敗を乗り越える方法」文法、単語、語句を徹底解説

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「失敗を乗り越える方法/How to over take your mistake」の概要

タイトル:失敗を乗り越える方法

文字数:648単語

読む時間の目安:4分

難易度:★★★☆☆/初級-中級 

概要

失敗とはよく「学びを得る瞬間」や、「上達するのに必要なつまずき」などと言われます。たり、打ちのめされてしまったり、全く理解できないような場合はなおさらです。の障害になっているものについてと、成長へのマインドセットを培う方法を探ります。 

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In a 2019 study, over 400 participants were enlisted to learn a mysterious, invented language.

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Individuals were asked about three pairs of runes— for example, which of these two characters represents an animal?

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Then, after a brief break, they were asked about the same rune pairs with questions flipped, as in, which of these two runes represents a non-living object?

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But this game had a secret—

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The subjects’ answers in round one determined the runes’ meanings in round two.

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In the first round, participants either had all their answers marked as correct no matter what, or they were forced to fail every question.

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This meant that at the break, every participant had the same amount of information, and in round two they were playing for real.

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But despite this even playing field, the successful participants from round one rose to the top of the ranks, while those cast as failures kept, well, failing.

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People often describe failure as a teachable moment— a necessary stumble on our way to improvement.

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But learning from our mistakes isnt always easy, especially when those failures are demoralizing, overwhelming, or just downright confusing.

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So what exactly prevents us from turning our mistakes into mastery?

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Perhaps the most obvious hurdle to learning from failure is how painful it can be.

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People generally want to think of themselves as capable and competent, and experiencing failure threatens that self-image.

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In a survey following a replication of the rune study, participants in the failure group indicated much lower levels of self-confidence after participating.

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It’s tempting to dismiss this pain as a temporary setback.

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But some studies have found that when people feel demoralized or incompetent, their brains often stop processing new information.

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This suggests that if a threat to your self-esteem is large enough, it can undermine your ability to learn.

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However, your tolerance for failure also depends on your relationship with the task at hand.

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In a study from 2011, researchers surveyed a group of American students enrolled in introductory and advanced French courses.

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These students completed a questionnaire asking what kind of teacher they preferred— one who emphasized their strengths and successes, or one who highlighted their mistakes and corrected their weaknesses.

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In general, responses showed that while beginner students sought positive reinforcement, advanced students were more eager for critical feedback.

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Researchers have theorized a handful of explanations for these results.

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Having just started out, beginners are still determining if they enjoy learning French and if they want to continue studying,

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so they might crave praise as a way to stay motivated.

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On the other hand, the advanced students are already invested, so they may want to improve their skills as efficiently as possible.

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The process of gaining expertise also comes with its fair share of failure, so the advanced students may have built a higher tolerance for making mistakes.

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But whether youre an expert or a novice, it’s usually much more straightforward to learn from your successes than your failures.

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For example, imagine getting your grade back on an exam.

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If you aced it, you could reasonably assume you made good choices around when, what, and how much to study,

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and you can replicate those decisions for the next test.

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But if you failed, it could be for any number of reasons.

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Maybe you didn’t study enough, maybe you studied the wrong information, or maybe you did everything right

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and the test covered things you shouldnt have been expected to know.

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In cases like this, it’s unclear exactly what went wrong, making it difficult to learn how to improve.

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Wanting to learn from our failures is completely natural, and there’s a lot to gain by being resilient

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and cultivating a growth mindset.

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But fixating on your failures can make it easy to forget all your successes.

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And building on what you’re doing right can be more effective than focusing on what you did wrong.

-TED解説, 英語ニュース解説, 英語学習法